Segregation and “Out-of-Placeness”: The Direct Effect of Neighborhood Racial Composition on Police Stops

Differential police conduct may be attributed both to residential racial segregation and more general discriminatory attitudes policies. We draw upon ethnographic other studies of everyday policing propose that police, in the context racially segregated neighborhoods, intensively surveil individuals who are “out place” terms their race local geographical which they found. then use statistical evidence from New York City Police Department compare stops different neighborhoods. find NYPD indeed carries out “stops” differentially target African Americans Hispanics present predominantly white precincts, with degree surveillance increasing as precincts become white, generic less about specific, identifiable crimes.